Leonas and Konstancija

Here is the 1917 marriage record of Leon and Constance Palas (Leonas and Konstancija Polivlauskas), the mother and father of Mildred and Helen.

Marriage of Leonas Povilauskas and Konstancija Matulis
March 6, 1917

I searched for it mainly to confirm that Konstancija is indeed the sister of my great-grandfather, along with Anna. She is. Her parents are listed as Mikolas Matolis and Kotrina Miloszis, which are a couple of the spelling variants I've seen. Miloszis would be written as "Milošis" in Lithuanian, and this a shortened variant of the longer Milaševičius I've seen more frequently.

These spelling variations can seem quite haphazard, and even raise some doubts as to whether or not the records match up, but I'm careful to cross reference many records. These variations are the result of many external influences, such as Polish and Russian language influences, multiple alphabets, strong accents, and even sometimes low literacy. The -evič bit in the middle of Milaševičius, for example, comes from the Polish influence and many of the other spelling variations are a result of the name being recorded in multiple charcter sets over generations. The (imposition of!) the Russian cyrillic alphabet, for example, introduced many corruptions of names within families - my name Matulis, for example, has appeared as Matolis, Matuolis, Matolisov, and others within my own family.

At the time the marriage record above was produced, 1917, Lithuania was still under the control of the Tsar, hence why the document says they're Russian. I always feel compelled to say, they were NOT RUSSIAN!! You can only say they were insofar as Lithuania was momentarily occupied by the Russian Empire.

This document also tells me the parents of Leonas. I have been trying to figure out the circumstances of Anna and Konstancija's arrival in the United States. Anna appears to have emigrated as an unmarried woman in 1909, and the unmarried Konstancija joined her in 1915. I suspect that their husbands may have come from the same village, but will only be able to confirm this if I can find records of their husbands (Joseph and Leonas) in Pociuneliai, where Anna and Konstancija (and the rest of the Matulis family) comes from. The names of their parents Jurgis Sviatikis / Agnieszka Stakauskyte and Augustinas Povilauskas / Magdalena Antanaite, notwithstanding spelling corruptions, might help as I search the Lithuanian records.

Unknown Wife of Mildred's Son

Scrolling back through some of my earlier posts, I discovered a couple of comments on a post about Konstancija Matulyte. They were posted months ago, back in the beginning of January, but for some reason, the system never notified me!

It's a shame that I wasn't notified, because I'd very much like to share information. The person commenting identifies herself as the wife of Mildred's son. Sadly, she only appears as "Unknown" in the comment box, so I have no way to get back in contact (without some serious genealogical sleuthing!).

The Mildred she refers to was Konstancija's younger daughter, which means her husband is my "second cousin, once removed". The other information in her comment is interesting in itself:

Lidmilla Auelija Pavilauskas was born 14 April 1921 in Manchester NH.
Mother Kostance Matutiuke Pavilauskas, age 28
Father Leonas Pavilauskas, age 31.

I'm not sure where that information comes from, but it matches the information I know (bar a few spelling peculiarities). I suspect that the real spelling is Liudmila Aurelija Povilauskas, based on my knowledge of Lithuanian names. But it is helpful to know the "Mildred" was actually "Liudmila". The other main thing is Konstancija's maiden name, "Matutiuke", is a corruption of Matulyte (the female version of my own name, Matulis). I've seen mispellings like this all over the place, including Mildred's sister's marriage record, where it appears as "Matulinkie". On that same record, the unmarried "Mildred Palas" appears as a witness, and signs in her own hand (and the address she includes, 109-48 118th Street, Queens, NY, still exists today!).

Mildred's married name was apparently Crabtree, according to her sister's obituary. So with some effort, I might be able to track down the person who posted these comments.

There's a lot I'd like to know about this distant branch of the family, particularly how Konstancija and her older sister Anna arrived in the United States. What brought them here? Was there other family? These are questions I'll continue to explore through genealogical records myself, but sometimes there can be clues buried in living memory, family photos, or old letters.

So please contact me, Unknown Wife of Mildred's Son! I can offer quite a lot of information about your family's Lithuanian ancestry. I'm fairly easy to find if you google me.

Six Generations

I can now trace my Matulis lineage back 6 generations, including myself.

I was able to do this using a small clue on my great-great-grandfather Mykolas Matulis's death record. The record gives Mykolas's name as Михаил Кароловъ Матулисъ. His middle name "Karolov", is actually a patronymic - it is formed of his father's first name. My 3x-great-grandfather was Karolis Matulis! That's six generations.

With some searching, I was able to find Karolis's death record. He lived to 88 and died just six months before Mykolas, who died at just 55.

Karolis Matulis
(death 1917, age 88)

Column 1: Тысяча девятьсотъ семнадцатого дня ? года Іюля двадцать девятаго дня въ Жагуняхъ скончался Кароль Матолисъ отъ старости. Пріоб. Св. Таинъ. / One thousand nine hundred and seventeenth year, on the twenty-ninth day of July. Karol Matolis died in Жагуняхъ from old age. There was a communion of holy sacrament.
Column 2: Крестьянинъ Кракиновской волости имевшій отъ роду 88 лѣтъ оставилъ жену изъ Петкевичей, детей Іоанна, Михаила, Константина, Іосифа и Кароля, здешний прихожанин. / The peasant of Krekenava district, 88 years old, [died and] left his wife, of Petkevičai [family], and children Jonas, Mikhail, Konstantin, Josif, and Karolya. Parishioner here.
Column 3: Тѣло его по истеченію сутокъ на Пацунельском кладбище похоронилъ Кс. А. Купчисъ. / Ks. A. Kupčis buried his body after a day in Pociunelai cemetery.

The record provides lots of information to start building the family tree beyond my direct lineage. First, his wife, my 3x-great-grandmother, had the maiden name Petkevičiute. It doesn't give her first name, but I will still probably be able to locate her in the records. Karolis's children were Іоанн (probably Jonas), Михаил (Mykolas of course), Константин (Konstantinas), Іосиф ("Josif" or probably Juozas), and Кароля (Karolya).

Partial Matulis Family Tree

The tree above is partial. It leaves off most of the descendants beyond my direct lineage (Karolis >> Mykolas >> Silvestras >> Vacys >> John >> me), including those stemming from my grandfather's generation that I already know and have contact with.

Sadly, the record of Karolis's death doesn't give his patronymic, or else I'd be well on my way to identifying the seventh generation. Instead, I will need to search for Karolis's birth record, way back in 1829. Those records, however, are in Polish! They're in Polish because hiss birth preceeded the first rebellion against the Tsar in 1831, the November Uprising. He was just two years old when that happened. It seems my ancestors have a habit of being born into tumultuos times.

A Connection to History

When I found my great-grandfather Silvestras's birth record this past November, I was able to confirm the names of my 2x-great-grandparents: Mykolas Matulis and Katerina Milaševičiute.

I searched for the death records of Mykolas and Katerina at the time too, but came up empty handed. The search was slowing-going and laborious, given that the records were mostly un-indexed. Adding to the problem was that I assumed they'd lived much longer than they actually had, so I had started my search in the wrong date range. When I recently found the records, I learned that Katerina only lived to 47, and Mykolas 55. That means my great-grandfather Silvestras lost his mother when he was just 16 and father when he was 22!

Katerina Milaševičiute / Matuliene
(death 1912, age 47)

Column 1: Тысяча девятъсотъ восемнадцатого года Января двадцать девятаго дня въ Жагуняхъ скончался отъ рака Михаил Кароловъ Матулисъ. Пріоб. Св. Таинств (?)

Column 2: Крестьянинъ ______ волости Пацунельский прихожанинъ пятидесяти пяти лѣтъ оставилъ жену ________ урод (?) Ласианскую, сына Сильвестра и дочерей Анну, Констанцію, Яльзбету, Антонину.

Column 3: Тѣло въ узаконенное время похоронилъ на Пацунельскомъ кладбище Кс. _____ Купчина

Mykolas Matulis
(death 1918, age 55)

Column 1: Тысяча девятьсотъ двънадцатого года Января двадцать девятаго дня въ Жагуняхъ скончалась Катарина изъ Милашевичей Матолисъ отъ болезъни мизерере Пріобщена Св. Таинъ.

Column 2: Крестьянка Кракиновской волости оставшегося вдовцом Михаила Матолиса жена 47 лѣтъ Пацунельская прихожанка оставила сына Сильвестра и дочерей: Анну, Констанцію, Ельжбѣту и Антонину (?).

Column 3: Тѣло ся сего года Января 31 дня Кс. А. Купчисъ на Пацунельском кладбище похоронилъ.

Key bits of information here include the names of their other children (Silvestras's siblings) which really helps me to link up the various Matulis records I've been collecting from the parish registers. The children include Silvestras (Сильвестр my great-grandfather of course), Ona (Аннa), Konstancija (Констанцію), Elžbeta (spelled variously as Ельжбѣту and Яльзбету), and Antonina (Антонинa). I didn't know about those last two! There could be others too, as I believe the records only list surviving children -- any that may have predeceased their parents won't appear.

Counting back from his age at death, Mykolas would have been born around 1863, which is the very same year as the ill-fated January Uprising. The Tsar's response to the rebellion was harsh. After mass executions and deportations to Siberia, he implemented strict "Russification" policies aimed at supressing Lithuanian (and Polish) identity and culture. He banned the Lithuanian press, outlawed the Lithuanian alphabet, ended education in the Lithuanian language, and imposed a new administrative region called "Northwestern Krai". This attempt to "Russify" Lithuania, however, ultimately failed. In fact I've always believed that this suppression of culture is precisely why Lithuanians (myself included!) are so emphatic about the preservation of Lithuanian identity. (The more recent Soviet attempt at similar Russification only made resistance more resolute).

It was during the post-Uprising repression that the famed Lithuanian knygnešiai (book smugglers) risked their lives to carry Lithuanian literature and educational material across the border from Prussian Konigsberg. It was, in large part, thanks to them and underground homeschooling that Lithuanian identity was preserved during those difficult years. My great-great-grandfather Mykolas and great-great-grandmother Katerina would have grown up right in the middle of it! Notably, Mykolas died in 1918, just a couple weeks before the Act of Independence and the restoration of Lithuanian statehood. Oh, the changes they must have seen in their lifetimes!

One of my main motivations behind all this genealogy is that it helps to make my interest in history so much more real and relatable. When I'm able to imagine these events through the eyes of my own ancestors - through the eyes of people who bear my own name! - it just makes it all the more vivid.